Tools & Resources

Quality Assessment Tools

IOM Standard: Critically Appraise Each Study

AMSTAR stands for A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews.

JADAD Scale for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials

The Jadad scale, sometimes known as Jadad scoring or the Oxford quality scoring system, is a procedure to independently assess the methodological quality of a clinical trial. Jadad et al. published a three-point questionnaire that formed the basis for a Jadad score.

Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool

CASP- Critical Appraisal Skills Program

Assessing the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Healthcare Interventions

This is a chapter from "Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative Effectiveness Reviews."

Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta-Analyses

Nonrandomised studies, including case-control and cohort studies, can be challenging to implement and conduct. Assessment of the quality of such studies is essential for a proper understanding of nonrandomised studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is an ongoing collaboration between the Universities of Newcastle, Australia and Ottawa, Canada. It was developed to assess the quality of nonrandomised studies with its design, content and ease of use directed to the task of incorporating the quality assessments in the interpretation of meta-analytic results.

Grading Tools

GRADE Working Group

The working group has developed a common, sensible and transparent approach to grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.

Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine - Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendations

Reporting Standards for Systematic Reviews

AGREE

The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument evaluates the process of practice guideline development and the quality of reporting.

EQUATOR

Collects guidance documents on reporting systematic reviews and other types of health research

PRISMA

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

MECIR

The Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews (MECIR) are methodological standards to which all Cochrane Protocols, Reviews, and Updates are expected to adhere

RAMESES publication standards: meta-narrative reviews